Health agencies warn that measles remain a serious challenge in Europe, despite a decline in cases in 2025 compared with the previous year’s record. Experts urge governments and communities to act quickly to strengthen vaccination coverage and prevent new outbreaks across the continent.
Measles often disappear from public debate, but they continue to spread in several European countries. Europe recorded 127,350 measles cases in 2024, which marked the highest total since 1997. Cases declined in 2025, but infections still doubled compared with 2023, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
Sabrina Bacci, head of the ECDC programme on vaccine-preventable diseases and immunisation, said Europe should lead the world in measles elimination. She said Europe has a highly effective and safe vaccine, extensive knowledge, sufficient resources, and strong surveillance tools to control this preventable disease.
Herd Immunity Goals Remain Out of Reach
Experts say at least 95 percent of eligible people must receive two doses of the vaccine to prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable groups. These groups include children too young to receive vaccines and people who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.
The ECDC reported that 8 in 10 people who fell ill with measles in 2025 had not been vaccinated. This pattern mirrored the trend seen in 2024 and showed persistent gaps in immunisation coverage.
Bacci said individual vaccination protects others who cannot be vaccinated by reducing virus transmission. She said vaccination represents self-protection and solidarity. She added that eliminating measles remains achievable if countries and communities act together.
Measles Spread Faster Than Most Infectious Diseases
Measles rank among the most contagious viruses affecting humans. One infected person can transmit the virus to up to 18 unvaccinated people, which makes measles far more contagious than influenza.
The disease can cause long-term and debilitating health complications. Measles can damage the immune system by erasing its memory of how to fight infections for months or even years. The World Health Organization warns that survivors become vulnerable to other diseases and death after infection.
Vaccination Remains the Only Reliable Protection
There is no cure and no specific treatment for measles. The illness usually lasts about two weeks without complications, but vaccination remains the key tool to stop transmission and prevent severe outcomes.
Regina De Dominicis, regional director for Europe and Central Asia at UNICEF, said recent declines in cases do not remove the conditions that caused the resurgence. She stressed the need to counter vaccine hesitancy and misinformation. She warned that children will remain at risk of death or serious illness without stronger vaccination coverage.
Hans Kluge, the WHO regional director for Europe, urged people to rely only on verified health information from trusted sources. He warned about widespread misinformation and said eliminating measles is essential for national and regional health security.
Rising Cases Reverse Years of Global Progress
Europe is not the only region facing rising measles cases. After years of progress in global measles control, the disease has steadily increased in recent years.
The WHO announced earlier this year that Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan lost their measles-free status after the surge in cases in 2024. A country loses this status when the virus returns and transmission continues for more than one year.
