Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
They were honored for discovering how the immune system prevents attacks on the body’s own cells.
Sakaguchi identified regulatory T-cells — “the brakes of the immune system,” said Prof Adrian Liston.
Brunkow and Ramsdell found the FoxP3 gene, vital for these cells’ development and for preventing autoimmunity.
Their work revealed how balance in the immune system protects against disease.
“These discoveries transformed immunology,” said Prof Marie Wahren-Herlenius.
The findings now guide treatments for autoimmune diseases, transplants, and cancer.
